南亚热带丘陵土壤水分循环及其有效性的研究──Ⅴ.丘陵土壤蒸散量的估算

根据系统实测资料，利用根层土壤水的变化量，按水量平衡公式反算求得观测年、季及旱月的土壤蒸散量.以三年平均及旱年土壤吸入水量减去蒸散量的结果显示，两个观测试区0～100cm土层蒸散量大于吸入水量；若以月平均计，则每月蒸散量大于土壤吸入水量3．84～8．60mm，土壤水的吸入略小于消耗，一年内土壤水量接近平衡．     

生物沥浸法去除猪粪中重金属的研究

探讨以猪粪为培养介质，驯化和加富培养获得硫细菌混合菌液，并研究其对猪粪中重金属的生物沥浸效果。结果表明：猪粪可以在18 d内完成驯化，经3轮富集培养的猪粪粪液可作为硫细菌接种菌液。采用此菌液对猪粪粪液接种并投加硫粉，经过9 d的生物沥浸，Cu、Zn和Cd的沥出率分别达到93.0%、90.1%和67.8%。     

Antimony speciation in the environment: Recent advances in understanding the biogeochemical processes and ecological effects

Antimony(Sb) is a toxic metalloid, and its pollution has become a global environmental problem as a result of its extensive use and corresponding Sb-mining activities. The toxicity and mobility of Sb strongly depend on its chemical speciation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biogeochemical processes(including emission, distribution,speciation, redox, metabolism and toxicity) that trigger the mobilization and transformation of Sb from pollution sources to the surrounding environment. Natural phenomena such as weathering, biological activity and volcanic activity, together with anthropogenic inputs, are responsible for the emission of Sb into the environment. Sb emitted in the environment can adsorb and undergo redox reactions on organic or inorganic environmental media, thus changing its existing form and exerting toxic effects on the ecosystem. This review is based on a careful and systematic collection of the latest papers during 2010–2017 and our research results, and it illustrates the fate and ecological effects of Sb in the environment.     

Effects of sediment composition on inorganic mercury partitioning, speciation and bioavailability in oxic surficial sediments

Artificially prepared sediments were used to assess the effects of sediment composition on inorganic Hg partitioning, speciation and bioavailability. Organic coating in sediment greatly increased the Hg partitioning and the amount of bioavailable Hg bound with the clay and the Fe and Mn oxides, but had little effect on that bound with the quartz and calcium carbonate as a result of weaker binding of humic acids and fulvic acids. The clay content increased the concentration of Hg in the sediments but inhibited the gut juice extraction due to the strong binding of Hg-organic matter (OM) complexes. Most Hg in the sediments was complexed by OM (mainly distributed in the organo-complexed phase and the strongly complexed phase), and the Hg-OM complexes (especially Hg in the strongly complexed phase) in sediments contributed much to gut juice extraction. Redistribution of Hg-OM complexes between sediments and gut juices may occur during gut juice extraction and modify Hg bioavailability and speciation in sediments.     

区域减灾能力信任与公众水灾风险认知——基于社会调查及分析

探索公众的自然灾害认知,有助于揭示风险潜在因素,为开展有效的风险沟通和风险管理提供基础依据.依据在重庆、湖南等部分省市的洪灾易发区开展社会调查收回的635份有效问卷,通过统计分析公众对于区域社会减灾能力的信任及其水灾认知,并探讨了信任对认知的影响.结果表明,公众对于社会减灾能力持信任态度,信任高低依次为:监测预警预报＞基础设施＞防洪工程＞政府应急管理,且信任的高低受年龄、灾害经历和区域经济发展水平的影响而存在差异.减灾能力信任会影响到公众的灾害风险认知,信任的增强会降低公众对洪灾的恐惧心理和对风险大小的判断,同时产生积极和消极并存的防灾行为倾向.因此构建"文化自觉"的科学防灾文化观有利于正确指引公众认识到减灾措施及能力的限度.     

河南省环境空气质量监测网优化的研究

在全省城市环境空气质量监测网优化并运行六年的基础上 ,采用历史数据计算法对河南省环境空气质量监测网进行了优化。通过优化方法和监测项目的探索 ,确定了省控站数目 ,特别是提出了系统、完整的优化指标 ,优化结果是令人满意的。     

Life-cycle assessment of flash pyrolysis of wood waste

This work analyzes a process known as flash pyrolysis, which produces bio fuels using biomass for power generation. A life-cycle assessment of flash pyrolysis of wood waste was conducted to study whether a flash pyrolysis plant set up locally would be environmentally friendly. The results obtained show that the process of flash pyrolysis of wood waste is in fact environmentally friendly, and the process has little contribution to the environment. However, efforts still have to be made to address the global warming potential issue. Continuous research and developments must be carried out to further reduce the global warming potential of the flash pyrolysis.     

Diversification and Sustainable Development in Chinese Agriculture

Feeding a growing population exceeding 1 billion is a big challenge to the Chinese government and has partly led to the self-sufficient policy in grain production and supply for decades. However, the efforts to push grain production everywhere have resulted in not only deterioration of the environment but also stagnation or even reduction in farmers' income as production costs continue to increase. This situation might be worsening after China's accession to the WTO that provides market access for bulk commodity imports. A sustainable development in Chinese agriculture depends on diversification, or structural adjustment, that allows Chinese farmers to fully utilize their comparative advantage in production of labor-intensive goods. Past experience has shown that diversification has contributed more than a half of the growth in Chinese agriculture during the reform period and reduced stresses on the environment at the same time. It is likely to contribute even more to Chinese agriculture in the future an     

碳同位素在油气地质研究中的应用和进展

稳定同位素地球化学是发展较快的学科之一，七十年代起被广泛应用于油气地球化学研究中。本文综述了碳稳定同位素在油气地质研究中的应用和进展，这些应用主要包括确定源油的形成环境与形成时代；进行油／油、油／源对比；判别天然气的成因类型并进行对比；判断天然气的成熟度。